Page 147 - The Ontario Curriculum, Grades 9 and 10: The Arts, 2010

MUSIC
active listening. The process of listening to music with a particular focus and for particular purposes; for example listening for changes in dynamics in order to discuss them with a class- mate or listening to a melody to determine its range.
arrange. Adapt a composition for performance by voice(s) and/or instrument(s) that are different from those of the original version
of the composition. The result is often called an arrangement.
analog. A method of sound recording that employs wave forms. The sound is most often recorded on magnetic tape.
articulation. The way in which tones or notes are rendered in performance. Common types of articulation in Western music, all of which can be indicated in notation, include staccato, legato, tenuto, glissando, slurs, phrasing marks, accents, and sforzando.
art music. Musical works created for an aesthetic purpose rather than for commercial reasons.
aural/oral. Aural relates to hearing and listening. Oral relates mainly to singing, but can also include spoken rhymes and chant as well as instrumental music (as in “oral tradition”).
balance. The appropriate relationship between voices and/or instruments in a musical work,
or the positioning of voices and/or instruments in a performance. Particular aspects of the total sound may be relatively more prominent at dif- ferent times depending on the context (e.g., a solo violin melody in a dense orchestral texture; a statement of the subject in an inner voice in a fugue).
bar. The notes and rests contained between two bar lines on the musical staff. Also called a measure.
beat. An aspect of the element called duration. A steady pulse. The underlying pulse of many musical forms. In music with a metre, there are strong beats (beats that are often emphasized) and weak beats (unstressed beats). See also rhythm.
binary form (AB form). A musical form that consists of two contrasting sections (A and B). See also form.
blend. The matching of tone quality by the various voices within an ensemble.
blues. A vocal and instrumental form that is characterized by blue notes and often by a twelve-bar structure (“twelve-bar blues”).
Blue notes are most often the third and seventh, which may occur both natural and flatted (E/E♭ and B/B ♭ ). See also blues scale.
blues scale. Usually a six-note scale in which a chromatic half step is added to the pentatonic scale, which gives it the typical blues sound. A flatted note, often the third or seventh note, occurs in place of an expected major interval and a flatted fifth may also occur (e.g., C–E♭–F–G♭–G–B♭). See also blues; scale.
bridge. A transitional passage connecting two sections of a composition, also transition.
cadence. A melodic or harmonic pattern or formula that is used to end a phrase, section, or piece of music. Typical harmonic cadences are perfect (V–I), imperfect (IV–V or II–V), plagal (IV–I), and deceptive (V–VI).
call and response. (1) A lead-and-follow activity, sometimes also called question and answer.
(2) A song or rhythmic pattern consisting of alternating sections of calls sung or played by
a leader (solo) and responses sung or played by an individual or a group. The call (question) and response (answer) are different phrases (not echoes). It is a form that is common in many musical traditions. Calls and responses are often improvised.
GLOSSARY
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