Page 149 - The Ontario Curriculum, Grades 9 and 10: The Arts, 2010

expressive controls. Particular kinds of emphasis given to notes, using such means as articulation, fermatas, tempo, dynamics, and timbre.
folk song. A song that is usually transmitted orally over several generations, often related to the daily life of the people in a culture or community.
form. The element of music relating to the structure of musical works or pieces. See also binary form (AB form); rondo; ternary form (ABA form); theme and variations; twelve-bar blues.
found sounds. (1) Rhythmic or pitched sounds that can be produced by using everyday objects, such as sticks, combs, pop bottles, shakers, or pots. (2) Environmental sounds, such as the sounds of hammering, traffic, or birds, that can be used in creating a musical composition.
genres. The categories into which musical works can be grouped (e.g., song, sonata, opera, ballad).
grand staff. The combination of a staff notated in the treble clef with one notated in the bass clef. This staff is used for notating piano music and music for other keyboard instruments, and is also used to notate vocal works.
Gregorian chant. The central tradition of Western plainsong, which is a form of monophonic, unaccompanied vocal music of the Western Christian church.
harmony. One of the elements of music. Harmony is the simultaneous sounding of two or more notes, or pitches. See also chord; texture.
historical periods. For the purposes of this document, the historical periods for Western classical music are the Middle Ages (ca. 500– ca. 1450), the Renaissance (ca. 1450–1600),
the baroque period (1600–1750), the Classical period (ca. 1750–1820), the Romantic period (ca. 1820–1900), and the twentieth century and beyond (from approximately 1900 on). Classical musical traditions from other parts of the world also have written historical records (e.g., North and South Indian, Arabic, Persian, Chinese).
homophony (homophonic music). Music consisting of a single melodic line with chordal accompaniment.
imitation. The repetition by one voice of a melody, phrase, or motif stated earlier in a composition by another voice.
improvise. Compose, play, or sing spontaneously without the aid of written music, applying skills learned.
improvisation. Either the music produced by or the activity of improvising.
interpretation. (1) Analysis or appreciation of
a musical work by a viewer or listener. (2) The particular understanding of a musical work that is communicated by a performer of the work.
interval. The distance between two notes (e.g., the interval between two pitches that are one step apart, such as C–D, is called a second).
intonation. The ability to play or sing in tune.
inversion. (1) The form of an interval that occurs when the lower note is moved to become the upper note. (2) The form of a chord that occurs when the root of the chord is moved to a position above one or more of the other notes of the chord (e.g., root position: C-E-G; first inversion: E-G-C; second inversion: G-C-E).
key signature. The pattern of sharps (♯) or flats (♭) placed on the staff immediately to the right of the clef to indicate which notes are to be played sharp or flat throughout a piece of music. (Sharps or flats indicated in the key signature can be temporarily cancelled by a natural sign [ ♮ ].) The key signature also identifies the key and scale associated with the music.
major and minor keys. A major key is based on the notes of the major scale (e.g., C major: C–D–E–F–G–A–B–C), while a minor key is based on the notes of the minor scale (e.g.,
A minor [harmonic]: A–B–C–D–E–F–G♯–A). See also major scale; minor scales.
GLOSSARY
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