Page 23 - Science - Grade 9, DE-STREAMED COURSE (SNC1W)

Scientific Research Process
Scientific research includes both primary research, which is done through first-hand, direct observation of objects, living things, phenomena, and systems; and secondary research, which is done by reviewing the work and the findings of others. Research is a starting point for investigations, and it can also play a role during or after an experiment to support or build upon findings and observations.
Research does not always follow a linear path. New information or findings may lead students to refine their research question(s) or change the course of the intended research. This should not be a source of concern, as there are times when research proceeds in this manner, with new findings impacting the researcher and the research process itself.
The most appropriate entry points into a scientific research process, and the most appropriate components of the process to be focused on, may depend on student readiness. Prior experience and knowledge, as well as access to resources, the context of the learning, and the amount of time available, may also be factors. For these reasons, educators may need to provide multiple entry points to engage all students in the learning.
Considering the vast and ever-increasing number of sources of information available today, students need to be aware of how to find and identify appropriate information during research. Critical-thinking skills are essential to assess the information gathered, in part by considering the biases, interests, and motivation of the authors, as well as the trustworthiness of the source or publisher. Students should also carefully consider how scientific knowledge is shared, whether in formal, peer-reviewed contexts or through less formal channels such as social media.
The following diagram summarizes the scientific research process and shows how its components relate to the skills of initiating and planning; performing and recording; analysing and interpreting; and communicating.
22