Page 124 - The Ontario Curriculum, Grades 11 and 12: Science, 2008 (revised)

Grade 12, College Preparation
B1. evaluate the effects of chemical substances on the environment, and analyse practical applications of qualitative analysis of matter;
B2. investigate matter, using various methods of qualitative analysis;
B3. demonstrate an understanding of the basic principles of qualitative analysis of matter.
B1. Relating Science to Technology, Society, and the Environment
B2. Developing Skills of Investigation and Communication
THE ONTARIO CURRICULUM, GRADES 11 AND 12 | science
OVERALL EXPECTATIONS
By the end of this course, students will:
SPECIFIC EXPECTATIONS
By the end of this course, students will:
B1.1 evaluate the risks and benefits to the en- vironment of some commonly used chemical substances (e.g., substances used in fireworks, fire extinguishers, “green” cleaning products) [AI, C]
Sample issue: Numerous synthetic fertilizers are available for residential lawns and gardens, all of which claim good results based on their chemical composition. Although these fertilizers provide nutrients that are essential for healthy plants and soil, they may also contain harmful chemicals that can pose risks to the environment.
Sample questions: What chemical substances can be removed from drinking water by house- hold water purification systems? What impact do chemical substances used in drive-through car washes have on the local environment? Why are packing chips that are made from cornstarch better for the environment than those made from polystyrene?
B1.2 analyse, on the basis of research, applications of qualitative analysis of matter in various fields of endeavour (e.g., in law enforcement to detect drugs or identify counterfeit money; in the manufacture of food products) [IP, PR, AI, C]
Sample issue: Forensic chemists use many qualitative analysis techniques in their work, including spectroscopy to identify controlled
substances such as chemicals, drugs, and explo- sives. Spectroscopy can detect minute traces of substances, so care must be taken in handling samples to ensure that they are not contaminated during transport, storage, or analysis.
Sample questions: What substances do environ- mental chemists test for in the soil of industrial sites that have been rezoned for residential use? What different chemical compounds are used to create some of the desired effects in fireworks? What types of particulate matter do air quality testers measure when there is the potential for a smog alert?
By the end of this course, students will:
B2.1 use appropriate terminology related to quali- tative analysis of matter, including, but not limited to: double displacement, precipitate, and energy level [C]
B2.2 use a table of solubility rules to write chemical equations for double displacement reactions and to write balanced net ionic equations for chemical reactions [AI, C]
B2.3 investigate precipitation reactions and flame tests, using qualitative analysis instruments, equipment, and techniques (e.g., gas discharge tubes, high-voltage electrical sources, spectro- scope, centrifuge) [PR, AI]
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B. mAtter And QuAlitAtive AnAlySiS