Page 187 - The Ontario Curriculum, Grades 9-12: Health and Physical Education, 2015 - revised

Teacher prompt: “In the 1968 Olympics in Mexico, Dick Fosbury, an American high jumper, won the gold medal and set a new world record using a technique that had never been tried before. Until then, high jumpers traditionally cleared the bar while remaining head up, first throwing one leg over the bar and then the other (straddle style). Instead, Fosbury twisted and arched his body so that he went over head first, with his back next to the bar. Jumpers using the straddle technique had to generate enough energy on take- off to get their centre of mass over the bar, but with the Fosbury technique the jumper’s centre of mass actually stayed underneath the body and passed under the bar. By using the Fosbury flop, jumpers could thus clear a greater height using the same amount of energy they would have needed to clear a lower height with the straddle technique.
“Think of some advanced skills and techniques that have been developed in other sports: for example, the jump serve in volleyball, the bent arm pull in swimming, and quad jumps in figure skating. How has an improved understanding of biomechanical princi- ples helped in creating these techniques? How can the understanding of these principles improve skill execution in any physical activity?”
C1.3 use appropriate laws of physics and/or biomechanical principles (e.g., Newton’s third law of motion, principles of maximization of force and angular motion) to analyse and improve the effect- iveness or quality of a movement pattern used in a physical activity (e.g., sprint start in track or swimming, overhead pass in volleyball, pirouette in a dance sequence)
C1.4 apply their knowledge of the phases of movement to analyse movement patterns and enhance skill development in a variety of physical activities
Teacher prompt: “In a golf or field hockey swing, the backswing of the club or stick from the starting position occurs during the preparatory phase, the forward drive and moment of contact between the ball and the club or stick occur during the execution phase, and the decelerating motion of the club or stick after striking the ball occurs during the follow- through phase. Pick a movement in a physical activity that you are familiar with, and explain what happens in each of the phases of that movement when you perform it. How does knowing the phases of movement help you improve your technique in an activity?”
C2. Growth and Motor Development
By the end of this course, students will:
C2.1 identify the stages of human growth and development from infancy to adulthood, and describe the factors (e.g., heredity, nutrition, physical activity, physical and social environment) that affect physical growth and motor development
Teacher prompt: “Reflect on your own life to this point and think of some of the factors that have influenced your growth and development. How do factors such as heredity or nutrition affect your growth and development? Consider also factors in your physical and social environment, such as clean air and water, access to medical care, and oppor- tunities for leisure and recreation, that might affect your overall development. Select a stage of development – infancy/toddlerhood, childhood, puberty/adolescence, early adulthood, or late adulthood – and identify the factors that have the most important effects on physical growth and motor development within that particular stage.”
C2.2 demonstrate the ability to design a movement-based activity appropriate to a particular age and stage of development
BIOMECHANICS AND MOTOR DEVELOPMENT
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Introductory Kinesiology
PSK4U