Page 185 - THE ONTARIO CURRICULUM, GRADES 9 AND 10 | Canadian and World Studies

drainage basin. The area drained by a river system.
ecological footprint. The impact of human activities on the environment, measured in terms of biologically productive land and water that is used to produce the goods people consume and to assimilate the waste they generate. An ecological footprint can be calculated at the individual, community, national, or global level.
economic indicator. A statistical measure that gives an indication of the overall performance of an economy.
economic sector. A segment of the economy that is characterized by similar types of activities, products, and/or services (e.g., by resource extraction, manufacturing, etc.). See also knowledge-based industries; manufacturing sector; primary industries; service-based industries.
economic system. The way in which a particular society produces, distributes, and consumes various goods and services. See also command economy; market economy; traditional economy.
economy. The system of production and consumption of various commodities and services in a community, region, or country, or globally.
ecosystem. A self-regulating system, created by the interaction between living organisms and their environment, through which energy and materials are transferred.
ecotourism. Travel to fragile or pristine areas, often seen as low impact and as an alternative to standard commercial travel.
Elder. A man or woman whose wisdom about spirituality, culture, and life is recognized and affirmed by the community. Not all Elders are “old”. Indigenous community members will normally seek the advice and assistance of Elders on various traditional, as well as contemporary, issues.
elevation. The height of something above a reference level, especially above sea level.
enemy aliens. Historically, people residing
in Canada who were citizens of states at war with this country. In World War I, the majority of people classified as enemy aliens were of Ukrainian descent; they were either interned or forced to carry identity papers and report regularly to the police. In World War II, the majority of people classified as enemy aliens were of Japanese descent; many Japanese Canadians were rounded up and sent to camps and had their property confiscated.
enfranchisement. The legal process for giving a person, or a group of people, a right or privilege associated with citizenship. The term is commonly associated with the right to vote.
environment. Everything, both natural and human-made, that surrounds us.
equality. A condition in which all people are treated the same way, regardless of individual differences. See also equity.
equator. Latitude zero degrees; an imaginary line running east and west around the globe and dividing it into two equal parts.
equity. Fair, inclusive, and respectful treatment of all people. Equity does not mean treating all people the same, without regard for individual differences. See also equality.
erosion. The wearing down and carrying away of material from exposed surfaces by water, wind, or ice.
ethnicity. The shared national, ethnocultural, racial, linguistic, and/or religious heritage or background of a group of people, whether
or not they live in their country of origin.
ethnogenesis. The process in which an ethnic group is formed and becomes a distinct people.
executive branch.* The branch of government that carries out the law; the cabinet and ruling government that sit in the elected chamber (House of Commons/Legislature). Also referred to as “the Queen in Council”. See also branches of government; judicial branch; legislative branch.
GLOSSARY
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