Page 572 - THE ONTARIO CURRICULUM, GRADES 11 AND 12 | Canadian and World Studies

THE ONTARIO CURRICULUM, GRADES 11 AND 12 | Canadian and World Studies
service-based industries. That part of the economy that provides services (e.g., banking, retailing, education) rather than products. Also referred to as the tertiary sector. See also economic sector.
settlement pattern. The distribution and arrangement of individual buildings or of rural and urban centres (e.g., clustered, linear, scattered).
Seven Years’ War. The war fought between imperial rivals France and Great Britain in 1756–63, which arose from conflict in North America two years earlier. The war ended with the Treaty of Paris, in which New France was ceded to Great Britain.
single member plurality: A voting system in which a country, province, or other entity is divided into electoral districts (ridings), and
the person with the most votes in a district wins the seat for his or her political party. Canada has a single member plurality system. See also proportional representation; voting system.
social enterprises. For-profit companies or not-for-profit organizations that generate funds by selling goods and/or services in order to support social, cultural, and/or environmental goals.
social gospel. A movement, dating from the end of the nineteenth century, in which Christian ethics and ideas were applied to address social problems related to industrialization, including poverty, inequality, urban slums, and harsh working conditions. Social gospellers in Canada advocated temperance and child welfare, among other social reforms.
social justice. A concept based on the belief that each individual and group within a given society has a right to equal opportunity and civil liberties, and to exercise the social, educational, economic, institutional, and moral freedoms and respon- sibilities of that society.
social organization. The structures, roles, and relationships in a given society, such as class, political and economic systems, and gender roles.
social welfare programs. Government programs designed to help meet the personal, economic, emotional, and/or physical needs of citizens.
sovereignty. Independent control or authority over a particular area or territory.
spatial technologies. Technologies that support the use of geographic data. The data can be represented in various forms, such as maps, graphs, or photographs of a site. Examples
of spatial technologies include geographic information systems (GIS), the global positioning system (GPS), and remote sensing. See also geographic information system; global positioning system; remote sensing.
stakeholder. A person, group, or organization that has an interest in or concern about something.
status Indian. See Indian.
stewardship. The concept that people’s decisions, choices, and actions can have a positive impact, supporting a healthy environment that is essential for all life. A healthy environment supports sustainable relationships among all of Earth’s living and non-living things.
subsistence farming. A type of farming in which livestock is raised and crops are cultivated for local food and energy requirements rather than for sale.
suffragist. A person who campaigns for the extension of the right to vote (suffrage); a member of the suffrage movement, particularly the women’s suffrage movement.
sustainability. Living within the limits of available resources. These resources may include Earth’s natural resources and/or the economic and human resources of a society. Sustainability also implies equitable distribution of resources and benefits, which requires an understanding of the interrelationships between natural environ- ments, societies, and economies.
sustained yield. Harvesting of a resource in which the amount extracted is managed so that the resource has time to regenerate itself.
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