Page 570 - THE ONTARIO CURRICULUM, GRADES 11 AND 12 | Canadian and World Studies

THE ONTARIO CURRICULUM, GRADES 11 AND 12 | Canadian and World Studies
prime minister. The head of the government in a parliamentary democracy, including Canada. The prime minister is the leader of the party that is in power and that normally has the largest number of the seats in parliament.
proportional representation. A voting system
in which the number of seats held by each party is in proportion to the number of votes each party received, rather than, as in a single member plurality, the number of ridings won by each party. See also single member plurality; voting system.
pull factors. In migration theory, the social, political, economic, and environmental attractions of new areas that draw people away from their previous locations.
push factors. In migration theory, the social, political, economic, and environmental forces that drive people from their previous locations to search for new ones.
quality of life. Human well-being, as measured by social indicators, including education, environ- mental well-being, health, and living standards. See also Human Development Index.
quaternary sector. See knowledge-based industries.
Quebec Act (1774). A British act that extended the rights of the French in Quebec, recognizing the Roman Catholic religion and reinstating French civil law in the British colony.
Quiet Revolution. A period of rapid change that occurred in Quebec in the 1960s. During these years the church-based education system was reformed, hydroelectric utilities were nationalized, the Quebec Pension Plan was created, and new ministries for cultural affairs and federal/prov- incial relations were formed.
raster. A spatial data model in which pixels that contain an attribute value and location coordinates are organized on a grid. Examples of raster data include digital aerial photographs, imagery from satellites, digital pictures, and scanned maps.
rebellion. Armed resistance against an established government.
reciprocity. In Canadian and American history, reciprocity refers to free trade between Canada and the United States, including the Reciprocity Treaty, signed in the 1850s.
refugee. A person who is forced to flee for safety from political upheaval or war to a foreign country.
region. An area of Earth having some character- istic or characteristics that distinguish it from other areas.
rehabilitation. A process in which people attempt to restore land damaged by a natural event or by human activity, such as primary industry, back to its natural state (e.g., an old quarry being turned into a park).
remote sensing. The gathering of information about Earth from a distance (e.g., through aerial photographs or data collected by instruments aboard satellites or aircraft).
renewable resource. A resource that can be regenerated if used carefully (e.g., fish, timber).
reserves. Lands set aside by the federal govern- ment for the use and benefit of a specific band or First Nation. The Indian Act provides that this land cannot be owned by individual band or First Nation members.
residential schools. In Canada, federally funded, church-run educational institutions for First Nations, Inuit, and Métis children. These schools were particularly numerous in the first half of the twentieth century, although some continued into the 1990s. Aboriginal children were removed from their families and sent
to boarding (residential) schools as part of
a government policy of assimilation. Other countries, such as Australia and the United States, also subjected Aboriginal children to residential schools.
resource recovery. The extraction of resources from materials that have been discarded (e.g., from recycled materials or mine tailings).
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