Page 59 - The Ontario Curriculum, Grades 9 and 10: Science, 2008 (revised)

E. Developing Skills of Investigation and Communication
By the end of this course, students will:
e2.1 use appropriate terminology related to elec- tricity, including, but not limited to: ammeter, amperes, battery, current, fuse, kilowatt hours, load, ohms, potential difference, resistance, switch, volt- meter, and volts [C]
e2.2 conduct investigations into the transfer of static electric charges by friction, contact, and induction, and produce labelled diagrams to explain the results [PR, AI, C]
e2.3 predict the ability of different materials to hold or transfer electric charges (i.e., to act as insulators or conductors), and test their predic- tions through inquiry [IP, PR]
e2.4 planandcarryoutinquiriestodetermineand compare the conductivity of various materials (e.g., metals, plastics, glass, water) [IP, PR, AI, C]
e2.5 design,drawcircuitdiagramsof,andcon- struct series and parallel circuits (e.g., a circuit where all light bulbs go out when one light bulb is removed; a circuit that allows one of several light bulbs to be switched on and off in- dependently of the others), and measure electric current I, potential difference V, and resistance R at various points in the circuits, using appro- priate instruments and SI units [IP, PR, AI, C]
e2.6 analyse and interpret the effects of adding an identical load in series and in parallel in a simple circuit [AI, C]
e2.7 investigate the quantitative relationships be- tween current, potential difference, and resistance in a simple series circuit [PR, AI]
e2.8 solve simple problems involving potential difference V, electric current I, and resistance R, using the quantitative relationship V = IR [AI, C]
e2.9 determine the energy consumption of vari- ous appliances, and calculate their operating costs (e.g., using the kilowatt hour rate from a utility bill) [AI, C]
e2.10 calculate the efficiency of an energy converter, using the following equation: percent efficiency = (Eout /Ein) × 100% [AI, C]
E. Understanding Basic Concepts
By the end of this course, students will:
e3.1 identify electrical quantities (i.e., current, po- tential difference, resistance, and electrical energy), and list their symbols and their corres- ponding SI units (e.g., electric current: I, ampere)
e3.2 explain the characteristics of conductors and insulators and how materials allow static charge to build up or be discharged
e3.3 compare and contrast static electricity with alternating current (AC) and direct current (DC) (e.g., the charge on a charged electroscope, the charge in a functioning circuit)
e3.4 identifythecomponentsofasimpleDCcircuit (e.g., electrical source, load, connecting wires, switch, fuse), and explain their functions
e3.5 explainthecharacteristicsofelectriccurrent, potential difference, and resistance in simple ser- ies and parallel circuits, noting how the quantities differ in the two circuits
e3.6 describe, qualitatively, the interrelationships between resistance, potential difference, and electric current (e.g., the effect on current when potential difference is changed and resistance is constant)
e3.7 explain what different meters (e.g., ammeters, voltmeters, multimeters) measure and how they are connected within an electrical circuit to measure electrical quantities
e3.8 explain how various factors (e.g., wire length, wire material, cross-sectional area of wire) in- fluence the resistance of an electrical circuit
PHYSICS: THE CHARACTERISTICS OF ELECTRICITY

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