Page 66 - The Ontario Curriculum, Grades 11 and 12: Science, 2008 (revised)

Grade 11, College Preparation
B1. evaluate the impact of environmental factors and medical technologies on certain cellular processes that occur in the human body;
B2. investigate the structures and functions of cells, and the factors that influence cellular activity, using appropriate laboratory equipment and techniques;
B3. demonstrate an understanding of the basic processes of cellular biology.
B1. Relating Science to Technology, Society, and the Environment
B2. Developing Skills of Investigation and Communication
B. cellulAr Biology OVERALL EXPECTATIONS
By the end of this course, students will:
THE ONTARIO CURRICULUM, GRADES 11 AND 12 | science
SPECIFIC EXPECTATIONS
By the end of this course, students will:
B1.1 evaluate the effectiveness of medical devices and technologies that are intended to aid cellu- lar functions or processes (e.g., insulin infusion pump, chemotherapy) [AI, C]
Sample issue: For many people with diabetes, insulin pump therapy has replaced multiple daily insulin injections. The pump dispenses accurate doses of insulin and achieves reliable blood sugar control. However, not all jurisdic- tions fund the pump for all diabetics, and some people prefer self-administered injections to be- ing hooked up to a machine.
Sample questions: How can stem cells be used in the treatment of leukemia? How effective is this type of treatment? Why is laser technology more effective than conventional surgery in re- moving cancerous tumours? What are some of the effects of kidney dialysis on the renal system and other body systems? What are the advan- tages of using nanotechnologies in the imaging and diagnosis of cellular abnormalities?
B1.2 analyse the effects of environmental factors on cellular processes that occur in the human body (e.g., the effect of lead on nerve cells; the effect of electromagnetic radiation on brain cells) [AI, C]
Sample issue: Vitamin D, essential to cellular processes that ensure the health of the bones and teeth, is not well absorbed by the human digestive system. It is manufactured by the body after exposure to the ultraviolet radiation of the sun. However, long-term exposure to the sun without proper UVA and UVB sunscreen protection can eventually lead to skin cancers, such as melanoma.
Sample questions: How might ingesting a high level of mercury by eating contaminated fish affect the nerve cells in our bodies? Which chemicals that are sometimes found in drinking water can affect the cells of the reproductive system? What are their possible effects? How can ultraviolet light from the sun affect the
cells of the human eye? What types of toxins accumulate in human cells? What is their long- term effect on the body?
By the end of this course, students will:
B2.1 use appropriate terminology related to cellular biology, including, but not limited to: macro- molecule, passive transport, active transport, catalyst, and fluid mosaic model [C]
B2.2 investigate the effect of various qualitative factors (e.g., temperature) on the rate of diffu- sion of molecules across a plasma membrane [PR, AI]