Page 112 - The Ontario Curriculum, Grades 11 and 12: Science, 2008 (revised)

Grade 12, University Preparation
c1. assess the benefits to society and evaluate the environmental impact of products and technologies that apply principles related to the structure and properties of matter;
c2. investigate the molecular shapes and physical properties of various types of matter;
c3. demonstrate an understanding of atomic structure and chemical bonding, and how they relate to the physical properties of ionic, molecular, covalent network, and metallic substances.
C1. Relating Science to Technology, Society, and the Environment
C2. Developing Skills of Investigation and Communication
c. Structure And propertieS of mAtter
OVERALL EXPECTATIONS
By the end of this course, students will:
THE ONTARIO CURRICULUM, GRADES 11 AND 12 | science
SPECIFIC EXPECTATIONS
By the end of this course, students will:
c1.1 assess the benefits to society of technologies that are based on the principles of atomic and molecular structures (e.g., magnetic resonance imaging [MRI], infrared spectroscopy, X-ray crystallography, nuclear energy, medical appli- cations of spectroscopy and mass spectrometry) [AI, C]
Sample issue: In medicine, radioisotopes are bonded with chemical compounds to form radioactive tracers, which are then injected into the patient’s bloodstream. The radiation emitted by the tracers allows doctors to obtain images of organ systems, facilitating the early and accurate diagnosis of disease. However, to avoid radio- active contamination, care must be taken in the storage, use, and disposal of this material.
Sample questions: How does infrared spectro- scopy aid in criminal investigations? How has the use of X-ray crystallography and mass spectrometry advanced our understanding of atomic and molecular structure? What social benefits are associated with such advances?
c1.2 evaluate the benefits to society, and the impact on the environment, of specialized materials that have been created on the basis of scientific research into the structure of matter and chemical bonding (e.g., bulletproof fabric, nanotechnolo- gies, superconductors, instant adhesives) [AI, C]
Sample issue: Nanoparticles have many poten- tial applications in medicine, including the improvement of drug delivery systems, the en- hancement of diagnostic images, and use in surgical robotics, all of which could improve the effectiveness of our health care system. However, nanoparticle contamination can have a negative effect on the environment.
Sample questions: What precautions are taken to protect the health and safety of people work- ing with nanoparticles? What properties of disposable diapers enable them to hold so much liquid? What impact has the widespread use of such diapers had on the environment? What impact has the development of synthetic fibres, such as nylon, had on society? What would your life be like if there were no plastics? In what ways has the invention of the silicon chip changed society?
By the end of this course, students will:
c2.1 use appropriate terminology related to struc- ture and properties of matter, including, but not limited to: orbital, emission spectrum, energy level, photon, and dipole [C]
c2.2 use the Pauli exclusion principle, Hund’s rule, and the aufbau principle to write electron configurations for a variety of elements in the periodic table [AI, C]
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