Page 100 - The Ontario Curriculum, Grades 11 and 12: Science, 2008 (revised)

Grade 11, University Preparation
d1. analyse processes in the home, the workplace, and the environmental sector that use chemical quantities and calculations, and assess the importance of quantitative accuracy in industrial chemical processes;
d2. investigate quantitative relationships in chemical reactions, and solve related problems;
d3. demonstrate an understanding of the mole concept and its significance to the quantitative analysis of chemical reactions.
D1. Relating Science to Technology, Society, and the Environment
D2. Developing Skills of Investigation and Communication
d. QuAntitieS in chemicAl reActionS
OVERALL EXPECTATIONS
By the end of this course, students will:
THE ONTARIO CURRICULUM, GRADES 11 AND 12 | science
SPECIFIC EXPECTATIONS
By the end of this course, students will:
d1.1 analyse processes in the home, the workplace, and the environmental sector that involve the use of chemical quantities and calculations (e.g., mixing household cleaning solutions, calculating chemotherapy doses, monitoring pollen counts) [AI, C]
Sample issue: Health care professionals are expected to calculate dosages of prescription drugs accurately and safely. This requires precision in applying fractions, decimals, ratios, percentages, and metric conversions. Despite the care taken by health care profes- sionals, improper medication use by patients accounts for about 30% of hospital emergency department visits.
Sample questions: Why is baking powder used in cake batter? What happens when too much or too little of that ingredient is used? Why might two people on the same drug regimen not necessarily take the same dosage to treat the same illness? How are carbon dioxide emissions calculated and why are they monitored?
d1.2 assess, on the basis of research, the importance of quantitative accuracy in industrial chemical processes and the potential impact on the environment if quantitative accuracy is not observed [IP, PR, AI, C]
Sample issue: Errors in quantitative accuracy have played a role in many industrial chemical disasters worldwide. Failing to adjust the quan- tities of chemicals needed to produce different batch sizes of a product have created runaway reactions, resulting in huge explosions. Such industrial accidents can have devastating short- and long-term effects on the environment.
Sample questions: Why is it important to
use the correct salt-sand mix on highways during winter storms? Why is it important to correctly measure the chemicals used in water treatment plants? How might incorrect measurements affect the environment? How and why are environmental contaminants monitored in soil, water, and air around a chemical manufacturing plant?
By the end of this course, students will:
d2.1 use appropriate terminology related to quantities in chemical reactions, including, but not limited to: stoichiometry, percentage yield, limiting reagent, mole, and atomic mass [C]
d2.2 conduct an inquiry to calculate the percentage composition of a compound (e.g., a hydrate) [PR, AI]