Page 289 - THE ONTARIO CURRICULUM, GRADES 9 to 12 | First Nations, Métis, and Inuit Studies

replace the word “Indian”, which many found offensive. The term “First Nation” has been adopted to replace the word “band” in the names of communities. See also band.
flag song. A song composed and sung to reflect and honour a particular nation or community.
forced relocation. The forced removal and resettlement of a community from one region to another, commonly implemented through policies targeting a specific group.
fundamental freedoms. Freedoms guaranteed under the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, comprising freedom of conscience and religion; freedom of thought, belief, opinion, and expression, including freedom of the press and other media of communication; freedom of peaceful assembly; and freedom of association.
good life. A concept rooted in Indigenous knowledge that focuses on the wholeness and balance needed to live a good and healthy life. A good life is one in which an individual always walks and talks in a good way with a good heart and a good mind.
Gradual Civilization Act, 1857. The act, offi- cially titled “An Act to Encourage the Gradual Civilization of Indian Tribes in this Province, and to Amend the Laws Relating to Indians”, was intended to facilitate the assimilation of First Nations in the pre-Confederation Province of Canada. It was designed as a way for the government to revoke legal rights and status
of First Nations people through the process of enfranchisement.
Great Spirit. Also referred to as the Creator, this spirit or deity, portrayed in a variety of forms and stories among First Nations, is fundamen- tally connected with the natural, human, and spirit worlds.
Haldimand Tract. A tract of land reserved for Haudenosaunee through the Haldimand Procla- mation of 1784, it consisted of ten kilometres of land on either side of the Grand River. Of the 950,000 acres originally set aside for the
Haudenosaunee, only 48,000 remain under Haudenosaunee control.
Haudenosaunee. A word meaning “the people of the longhouse”. The Haudenosaunee are the Iroquoian nations of the Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga, Cayuga, Seneca, and Tuscarora peoples, which are united and governed under the Haudenosaunee Confederacy and the Great Law of Peace. See also Haudenosaunee Confederacy; Haudenosaunee Great Law
of Peace.
Haudenosaunee Confederacy. The governance structure of the Haudenosaunee that was established by Hiawatha and the Peacemaker. It united the Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga, Cayuga, and Seneca, and later the Tuscarora, under the Great Law of Peace to promote har- mony and establish roles and responsibilities within the Haudenosaunee nations.
Haudenosaunee Great Law of Peace. The set of principles that functioned as a constitution for the Haudenosaunee Confederacy. It outlined the path to harmony and unity between the nations, which had been at war with one another.
healing circle. A traditional way to resolve con- flict or address issues, where participants gather in a circle and respectfully speak and listen in a safe environment.
healing dancers. Traditionally trained dancers who have the power to heal through their dance and regalia. Jingle dress dancers are often asso- ciated with healing.
Huron Tract. A large tract of land in central Ontario that borders on Georgian Bay. Over
two million acres were ceded by Chippewa representatives to the British Crown in the Huron Tract Treaty of 1827. The Crown then sold approximately one million acres to the Canada Company, whose goal was to encourage settlement in Upper Canada by British subjects and Loyalists.
Idle No More. A grassroots movement estab- lished in 2012 by Jessica Gordon, Sylvia McAdam,
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