Page 82 - The Ontario Curriculum, Grades 9-12: English As a Second Language and English Literacy Development, 2007

ESL Level 2, Open
Language Reference Chart – ESL Level 2
Nouns
count nouns: singular and plural of low-frequency irregular forms (e.g., shelf/shelves, mouse/mice, goose/geese)
compound nouns (e.g., living room, city street, golf club, pop singer) possessive forms of singular and plural nouns (e.g., the girl’s book,
the girls’ book)
articles a, an, the, or no article
gerunds for activities and pastimes (e.g., skating, swimming, fishing)
Pronouns
possessive: mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, theirs
reflexive: myself, yourself, himself, herself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves
Verbs
past progressive (e.g., She was waiting for the bus.) future with going to (e.g., They’re going to be late.)
simple past of low-frequency irregular verbs (e.g., sink/sank, swim/swam, hold/held)
modals: have to, must, can (e.g., I have to go now. I must stop because I’m tired. I can send e-mails to my friends.)
there was/were
would like + noun phrase (e.g., We would like more time.) infinitive forms after want, start, like (e.g., She wants to work.)
Adjectives
noun + two adjectives (e.g., shiny, fast cars) comparative/superlative forms + more/most (e.g., more beautiful/
most intelligent)
irregular forms + comparative/superlative (e.g., better/(the) best;
worse/(the) worst)
a little, a lot of, much, many
Adverbs
of manner (e.g., verb + adverb: We sat quietly.)
Transition words and phrases
conjunctions: so, since, because, because of (e.g., He was sick, so he went home. Because he was sick, he went home. Because of his cold, he went home.)
like/unlike, similar to/different from
first, second(ly), in the beginning, as well, next, finally
This chart shows the structures that students are expected to learn through work done in all four strands. These structures should be taught in context rather than in isolation (e.g., while writing an autobiographi- cal timeline, students learn to use the simple past of low-frequency irregular verbs). Some English language learners may require reinforcement and repetition of language structures from previous course levels in order to achieve mastery.
I. Grammatical Structures
THEONTARIOCURRICULUM,GRADES9–12 | ESLandELD
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