Page 181 - THE ONTARIO CURRICULUM, GRADES 9 AND 10 | Canadian and World Studies

The definitions provided in this glossary are specific to the curriculum context in which the terms are used.
Note: The definitions of terms marked with an asterisk (*) are reproduced with the permission of the Minister of Public Works and Government Services Canada, 2012. Courtesy of the Department of Canadian Heritage.
Aboriginal title. The inherent right of Indigenous peoples to their lands. The Canadian legal system recognizes Aboriginal title as sui generis – that is, as a right to that derives from Indigenous peoples’ occupation of the land since time immemorial.
absolute location. The location of a point on Earth’s surface that can be expressed by a grid reference (e.g., by latitude and longitude).
acid precipitation. Any form of precipitation, including rain, fog, and snow, that is more acidic than normal. Acid precipitation is determined by its pH level; the lower the pH the more acidic and damaging it is.
advocacy group. See stakeholder.
aggregate. A coarse material that includes gravel, crushed stone, and sand. The major component in concrete and asphalt, it is generally used
in construction and is the most heavily mined material in the world.
alternative energy source. An alternative to such conventional energy sources as fossil fuels and nuclear power. Common alternative energy sources include solar, wind, hydrogen, fuel cell, and tidal power.
annotated map. A map that includes a collection of notes about a specific location or an event that happened at a specific location. See also map.
antisemitism. The opposition to, and hatred of, Jews throughout history.
aquifer. A large, natural reservoir underground.
arable land. Land that can be used for growing crops. It is rich in nutrients, has a fresh water supply, and is located in a suitable climate.
artefact. An item (e.g., a tool, weapon, household utensil, etc.) made by people in the past and used as historical evidence.
Assembly of First Nations (AFN). A national representative organization of the First Nations in Canada. Formerly known as the National Indian Brotherhood, it became the Assembly
of First Nations in 1982. Each band council in the country elects a chief to participate in an annual general assembly of the AFN. A national chief is elected every three years by the Chiefs- in-Assembly.
band. Defined by the Indian Act, in part, as “a body of Indians ... for whose use and benefit in common, lands ... have been set apart”. Each band has its own governing band council, usually consisting of a chief and several councillors. The members of the band usually share common values, traditions, and practices rooted in their language and ancestral heritage. Today, many bands prefer to be known as First Nations. See also First Nations.
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GLOSSARY