Page 155 - The Ontario Curriculum, Grades 9 and 10: The Arts, 2010

medium (plural: media). (1) The material(s) used by an artist to produce a work of art. A medium may be two-dimensional (e.g., graphite, ink, paint, photographic paper, canvas), three- dimensional (e.g., fibre, clay, wood, metal,
glass, plastic), or time-based (e.g., animation, video), and may have wet properties (e.g., paint, ink, dye, wash) or dry properties (e.g., pencil, charcoal, conté, crayon). (2) A clear poly- mer or acrylic gel or emulsion used for glazing or varnishing in painting, in image transfer processes, or as an adhesive in collage. (3) The liquid with which powdered pigments are mixed to make paint (e.g., in oil paints, linseed oil is the medium). See also mixed-media work.
mixed-media work. An art work in which more than one medium is used (e.g., acrylic paint, collage, and oil pastels, in combination).
mosaic. An art work made with small pieces of a material, such as coloured stone, glass, paper, or tile.
movement. A principle of design. The way in which the elements of design are organized so that the viewer’s eye is led through a work of art in a systematic way, often to the focal area. Movement can be directed, for example, along lines and edges and by means of shape and colour within the work. See also line.
multimedia applications. Computer software programs that combine a variety of elements such as sound, animation, text, and graphics and can be used to create a multimedia produc- tion. Multimedia applications that provide hypertext links among elements such as computer text, visual material, and sound files are called hypermedia applications. Multimedia applications may be non-linear. They allow students to compose, communicate, and create in innovative ways.
negative space. The empty or open areas within or around an object or form (in two-dimensional and three-dimensional art work). When these areas have boundaries, they also function as design shapes in the total structure.
original art work. An art work created by hand using techniques such as drawing, printmaking, painting, and sculpture, singly or in combination.
pattern. (1) A principle of design. A regular arrangement or sequence of alternated or repeated elements (shapes, lines, colours) or motifs. (2) A template, model, or guide for making something.
perspective. The representation of space and three-dimensional objects on a two-dimensional surface so as to convey the impression of height, width, depth, and relative distance. The illusion of depth, distance, and so on, is created through methods such as the depiction of faraway objects as smaller in scale and positioned closer to the top of the art paper and the use of over- lapping objects, vertical placement, diminishing size, and shadows and shading. In linear perspective, the parallel lines of buildings and rectangular shapes or objects are drawn so as to converge at a point on the horizon or eye-level line called the vanishing point. In atmospheric perspective, the intensity of colour and the distinctness of detail are gradually lessened
to indicate an increase in the distance between objects and the viewer.
primary colours. Red, yellow, and blue. These are colours that cannot be created by mixing other colours but that can be mixed to produce all the other colours.
principles of design. Generally accepted ideas about the qualities that contribute to the effectiveness of an art work that are used as guidelines in composing an image and analysing how viewers are likely to perceive it. The quali- ties include but are not limited to the following: balance, emphasis, harmony, movement, proportion, repetition, rhythm, unity, variety.
proportion. A principle of design. The relationship between objects with respect to size, number, and so on, including the relation between parts of a whole.
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