Page 24 - Learning for All – A Guide to Effective Assessment and Instruction for All Students, Kindergarten to Grade 12, 2013

22 • Learning for All
learning outcomes and higher achievement levels. As a result, students’ sense of self-efficacy increased, and their more positive beliefs about mathematics began to translate into improvements in achievement.
Perceived self-efficacy is defined as people’s beliefs about their capabilities to produce designated levels of performance that exercise influence over events that affect their lives. Self-efficacy beliefs determine how people feel, think, motivate themselves, and behave. Such beliefs produce these diverse effects through four major processes. They include cognitive, motivational, affective and selection processes.
(Bandura, 1994)
The following resources provide real-life classroom examples of educators and students actively engaging in the inquiry-based learning process:
The Literacy and Numeracy Secretariat Webcast Professional Learning Series: Developing Inquiring Minds (Ontario Ministry of Education & Curriculum Services of Canada, 2012). Webcast segments and related resources can be accessed online at www.curriculum.org/secretariat/inquiring/index.shtml. The multimedia package can be ordered through Service Ontario: 416-326-5300 or 1-800-668-9938 or online at www.publications.serviceontario.ca/ecom.
Full-Day Kindergarten: Making Thinking and Learning Visible – Inquiry
(Ontario Ministry of Education, 2012). This video can be accessed at www.edugains.ca/newsite/fulldaykinder/videoa.html.
How Common Classroom Strategies Support Principles of UDL and Differentiated Instruction
As noted earlier, UDL and differentiated instruction (DI) overlap, sharing a number of goals and strategies, such as the following:
• taking into account the background and experiences of all students to meet their diverse interests, aptitudes, and learning needs;
• varying the form of assessment and instructional materials (e.g., printed text, visual or auditory representations);
• using various types of media;
• providing opportunities for different kinds of activities and different means of
demonstrating learning;
• providing a safe and supportive environment that enhances students’ ability to learn.