Page 226 - The Ontario Curriculum, Grades 11 and 12: Technological Education, 2009 (revised)

A. HEALTH CARE FUNDAMENTALS OVERALL EXPECTATIONS
By the end of this course, students will:
A1. demonstrate an understanding of health care terminology and its correct usage;
A2. demonstrate an understanding of the structure and functioning of the immune system;
A3. demonstrate an understanding of fundamental concepts in pathology and their application to the diagnosis and treatment of disease;
A4. demonstrate an understanding of the transmission of disease and methods of preventing it.
SPECIFIC EXPECTATIONS
A1. HealthCareTerminology
By the end of this course, students will:
A1.1 demonstrate an understanding of correct terminology for equipment, instruments, and procedures (e.g., evacuated blood tube, electro- cardiogram, spirometer, culture tubes/slides, tri- flow syringe, otoscope, magnetic resonance imaging [MRI]), and use it correctly in oral and written communication;
A1.2 demonstrate an understanding of medical terminology used in vital sign analysis (e.g., febrile, auscultate, antecubital space, tachypnea, inflammation), and use it correctly in oral and written communication;
A1.3 pronounce and spell key health care terms correctly (e.g., proximal = prox-ih-mahl).
A2. The Immune System
By the end of this course, students will:
A2.1 demonstrate a basic understanding of the anatomy and physiology of the immune system (e.g., location and function of bone marrow, thymus gland, lymph nodes, spleen; role of white blood cells and antibodies in response to pathogens and antigens);
A2.2 describe the signs and symptoms of inflammation;
A2.3 describe the signs and symptoms of common immune disorders (e.g., lupus, rheumatoid arthri- tis, chronic fatigue syndrome).
A3. Pathology
By the end of this course, students will:
A3.1 explain how microorganisms cause disease, and identify factors that affect the development of a disease (e.g., bacterial growth requirements, virulence);
A3.2 identify causes of various infectious dis- eases (e.g., middle ear infections are caused by bacteria [gram-positive cocci]; heart disease can be caused by dental bacteria), and describe
the symptoms related to each (e.g., elevated temperature, inflammation);
A3.3 describe abnormal values for each type of vital sign, and identify appropriate interven- tions for each of these values (e.g., elevated tem- perature requires that other presenting symptoms be assessed, recorded, and reported to a physician and appropriate medication administered if need- ed; increased respiratory rate with shortness of breath may require only elevation of the head
of the bed and administration of oxygen);
A3.4 describe common diagnostic methods for identifying diseases (e.g., urinalysis, complete blood count, X-rays, scans).
A4. Disease Prevention and Treatment
By the end of this course, students will:
A4.1 demonstrate a basic understanding of disease transmission (e.g., the chain of infection) and the role of the health care provider in controlling the spread of infection (e.g., taking
HEALTH CARE FUNDAMENTALS
225
Health Care
TPJ4C