Page 394 - Social Sciences Humanities - The Ontario Curriculum Grades 9 to 12 - 2013

THE ONTARIO CURRICULUM, GRADES 9–12 | Social Sciences and Humanities
conflict theory. An overarching theoretical per­ spective of social science that comprises, among other theories, feminist theory, Marxist theory, queer theory, and postcolonial/decolonizing theories. The conflict theory perspective is a reaction to the conservatism of structural func­ tionalism and focuses on inclusion of and justice for social groups that are traditionally socially, politically, and/or economically marginalized.
consumerism. The belief that constant consump­ tion of goods is advantageous to the economy.
credit card. A small plastic card issued by a bank or other lending agency that allows the user to make purchases based on an agreement to pay at a later time. A credit card, on which a debt may be carried, is different from a charge card, which must be paid in full each month, and a debit card, a transaction on which results in the immediate withdrawal of funds from the user’s bank account.
crystallized intelligence. A type of intelligence based on knowing and understanding facts and concepts. This type of intelligence becomes stronger as we age and accumulate new knowledge and understanding. See also
fluid intelligence.
debit card. See credit card.
demography. The study of human population characteristics such as size, growth, density, and birth and death rates.
dualistic thinking. A way of thinking, often associated with adolescence, in which opinions and knowledge are viewed as absolutes and polar opposites.
extended family. A family group consisting of parents, children, and other close relatives, sometimes living under one roof.
family of affinity. A family group consisting of people who are not related by blood or mar­ riage but who have close bonds and share resources and responsibilities.
fine motor skills. Skills involving the use and coordination of small muscle groups in the hands and fingers. These skills are acquired in infancy and early childhood and develop into adulthood. See also gross motor skills.
flourishing. A model of mental health that includes hedonia (happiness) and eudaimonia (life satisfaction and the feeling of making a social contribution). See also languishing.
fluid intelligence. A type of intelligence based on an ability to think and reason abstractly and to solve problems. Fluid intelligence
is considered by some to be unrelated to specific learning, experience, and education and is thought to decline with age. See also crystallized intelligence.
gay-straight alliance. A student-run club that provides a safe space for students to meet and learn about different sexual orientations, to socialize with and support each other, to discuss and raise awareness of issues related to sexual orientation and gender identity, to combat homophobia, and to promote equity for all.
gender roles. Sets of social and behavioural norms that are considered to be socially appropriate for a specific sex at a specific time in a specific culture.
gross motor skills. Skills that involve the use and coordination of large muscle groups and are necessary for whole body movement and balance. These skills are acquired in infancy and early childhood and develop into adult­ hood. See also fine motor skills.
harassment. A form of discrimination that
may include unwelcome attention and remarks, jokes, threats, name calling, touching, or other behaviour that insults, offends, or demeans some­ one because of his or her identity. Harassment involves conduct or comments that are known to be, or should reasonably be known to be, offen­ sive, inappropriate, intimidating, and/or hostile.
392