Page 78 - The Ontario Curriculum, Grades 9 and 10: Science, 2008 (revised)

Grade 10, Academic
C1. analyse a variety of safety and environmental issues associated with chemical reactions, including the ways in which chemical reactions can be applied to address environmental challenges;
C2. investigate, through inquiry, the characteristics of chemical reactions;
C3. demonstrate an understanding of the general principles of chemical reactions, and various ways to represent them.
C1. Relating Science to Technology, Society, and the Environment
C2. Developing Skills of Investigation and Communication
C. Chemistry: ChemiCal reaCtions
Overall expectatiOns
By the end of this course, students will:
THE ONTARIO CURRICULUM, GRADES 9 AND 10 | Science
specific expectatiOns
By the end of this course, students will:
C1.1 analyse, on the basis of research, various safety and environmental issues associated with chemical reactions and their reactants and/or product(s) (e.g., chemical reactions related to the use of cyanide in gold mining, the corrosion of metal supports on bridges, the use of differ- ent antibacterial agents such as chlorine and bromine in recreational pools) [IP, PR, AI, C]
Sample issue: Ammonia and chlorine bleach are two common household cleaning agents. How- ever, when these two substances are mixed, the chemical reaction produces chlorine gas, which is highly toxic.
Sample questions: Why is it important to under- stand the chemical composition of chlorinating agents used in swimming pools before using them? What chemical reactions result in acid precipitation? What impact does it have on the environment? What sources of information are available on the safety or environmental implica- tions of chemicals and chemical reactions? Why is it important to ensure that these sources are up to date? Why is it important to understand WHMIS information, including Material Safety Data Sheets, before using any chemicals?
C1.2 analyse how an understanding of the proper- ties of chemical substances and their reactions can be applied to solve environmental challenges (e.g., renewing the Great Lakes, neutralizing acid spills, scrubbing smokestack emissions) [AI, C]
Sample issue: Spills from oil tankers damage the environment by contaminating water and shorelines, killing birds and aquatic life. Biological oil agents help break down the oil so it degrades faster and does less damage to the environment.
Sample questions: How does the addition of lime reduce the acidification of water? How can this reaction be applied to renew lakes that have been affected by acid precipitation? Why is acid leaching used in soil contaminated with heavy metals?
By the end of this course, students will:
C2.1 use appropriate terminology related to chemical reactions, including, but not limited to: compounds, product, and reactant [C]
C2.2 construct molecular models to illustrate the structure of molecules in simple chemical reac- tions (e.g., C + O2 ➞ CO2 ; 2H2 + O2 ➞ 2H2O), and produce diagrams of these models [PR, C]
C2.3 investigate simple chemical reactions, including synthesis, decomposition, and dis- placement reactions, and represent them using a variety of formats (e.g., molecular models, word equations, balanced chemical equations) [PR, AI, C]
C2.4 use an inquiry process to investigate the law of conservation of mass in a chemical reaction (e.g., compare the values before and after the reaction), and account for any discrepancies [PR, AI]
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