Page 233 - The Ontario Curriculum, Grades 11 and 12: Science, 2008 (revised)

C. Understanding Basic Concepts
By the end of this course, students will:
c3.1 describe the characteristics and life cycles, including reproductive cycles, of representative pathogens (e.g., lysogenic cycle; lytic cycle; infectious cycle of malaria)
c3.2 describe the mode of transmission of various diseases, including those that are insect-borne (e.g., malaria, encephalitis), airborne (e.g., influ- enza, tuberculosis), water-borne (e.g., cholera, poliomyelitis), sexually transmitted (e.g., HIV/AIDS), and food-borne (e.g., mad cow disease, trichinosis, salmonella)
c3.3 explain how the human immune response acts as a natural defence against infection
c3.4 describe the role of vaccines, antibiotics, antiretrovirals, and other drug therapies and antiseptics in the control of pathogenesis
c3.5 describe non-medical ways to protect oneself from contracting pathogenic disease in a variety of situations (e.g., aseptic techniques such as wearing sterile gloves; proper personal hygiene such as frequent and thorough hand washing; the use of insect repellent)
c3.6 describe some of the means used by inter- national non-governmental organizations (e.g., Médecins sans Frontières, Oxfam, Ryan’s Well Foundation, UN agencies, the Stephen Lewis Foundation) to control the spread of disease (e.g., distribution of vaccines, medication, malaria nets; installing wells so people have access to clean water; public education
on strategies for transmission prevention)
c3.7 describe aseptic techniques used in the workplace, and explain their importance in preventing the spread of pathogens (e.g., cooking meat to a safe temperature and refrigerating leftovers quickly to avoid growth of bacteria in restaurant food; frequent hand sanitizing and use of sterile gloves in hospitals to prevent the spread of pathogens to vulnerable populations)
PATHOGENS AND DISEASE
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Science
SNC4M