Page 223 - The Ontario Curriculum, Grades 11 and 12: Science, 2008 (revised)

f2.6 solve problems related to the relationships between force, area, pressure, volume, and time in hydraulic and pneumatic systems (e.g., the force exerted on the wheel of a motor vehicle by the hydraulically operated brake pad; the time required for a robotic system to complete one cycle of operation) [AI]
f2.7 designandconstructahydraulicorpneumatic system (e.g., a braking system for a car, a clamp- ing device, a model of a crane), solving problems as they arise, and evaluate the system with respect to mechanical advantage and efficiency [IP, PR, AI]
f2.8 conduct an inquiry to demonstrate Bernoulli’s principle (e.g., using a wind tunnel or Venturi tube, suspending a table tennis ball in an air cur- rent, blowing between pieces of paper) [PR]
F. Understanding Basic Concepts
By the end of this course, students will:
f3.1 identify factors affecting static pressure head (e.g., variations in Earth’s atmosphere), analyse static pressure head in quantitative terms, and explain its effects in liquids and gases
f3.2 statePascal’sprinciple,andexplainitsapplica- tions in the transmission of forces in fluid systems
f3.3 describe common components used in hydraulic and pneumatic systems (e.g., cylinders, valves, motors, fluids, hoses, connectors, pumps, reservoirs), and explain their function
f3.4 describe factors affecting laminar flow, and explain how the design of an item or organism (e.g., cars, boats, planes, turbine blades, propel- lers, golf balls, swimsuits, sharks) responds to these factors
f3.5 state Bernoulli’s principle, and explain some of its applications (e.g., spray atomizers, pro- pellers, spoilers on racing cars, turbine blades in jet engines)
HyDRAULIC AND PNEUMATIC SySTEMS
221
Physics
SPH4C