Page 202 - The Ontario Curriculum, Grades 11 and 12: Science, 2008 (revised)

Grade 12, University Preparation
c1. analyse, and propose ways to improve, technologies or procedures that apply principles related to energy and momentum, and assess the social and environmental impact of these technologies or procedures;
c2. investigate,inqualitativeandquantitativeterms,throughlaboratoryinquiryorcomputersimulation, the relationship between the laws of conservation of energy and conservation of momentum, and solve related problems;
c3. demonstrateanunderstandingofwork,energy,momentum,andthelawsofconservationofenergy and conservation of momentum, in one and two dimensions.
C1. Relating Science to Technology, Society, and the Environment
C2. Developing Skills of Investigation and Communication
c. energy And momentum OVERALL EXPECTATIONS
By the end of this course, students will:
THE ONTARIO CURRICULUM, GRADES 11 AND 12 | science
SPECIFIC EXPECTATIONS
By the end of this course, students will:
c1.1 analyse, with reference to the principles of energy and momentum, and propose practical ways to improve, a technology or procedure that applies these principles (e.g., fireworks, rocket propulsion, protective equipment, foren- sic analysis of vehicle crashes, demolition of buildings) [AI, C]
Sample issue: Sports helmets are designed to absorb energy from falls and collisions, reducing the number and severity of head injuries. Helmets must be light enough not to hamper performance while providing optimal protection.
Sample questions: How are principles of energy and momentum used in the design of amuse- ment park rides, such as roller coasters and swing rides? How could the rides be improved, either in terms of their function or their safety? How does a child car seat help protect children riding in motor vehicles? How might the design of or materials used in standard child car seats be improved?
c1.2 assess the impact on society and the environ- ment of technologies or procedures that apply the principles of energy and momentum (e.g., crumple zones, safety restraints, strategic building implosion) [AI, C]
Sample issue: Hydroelectricity is produced by using the potential energy of dammed water to drive turbines and generators. Although hydro- electricity is renewable and generates no greenhouse gases, the damming of waterways can create massive flooding upstream and reduce flows downstream, affecting aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems and people living near the water source.
Sample questions: Why do researchers use crash test dummies in simulated motor vehicle accidents? What impact have innovations such as seat belts and airbags had on injuries result- ing from traffic accidents and on the associated health care costs? What is the environmental impact of the chemicals whose combustion produces the effects in fireworks displays?
By the end of this course, students will:
c2.1 use appropriate terminology related to energy and momentum, including, but not limited to: work, work–energy theorem, kinetic energy, gravitational potential energy, elastic potential energy, thermal energy, impulse, change in momentum–impulse theorem, elastic collision, and inelastic collision [C]
200