Page 188 - The Ontario Curriculum, Grades 11 and 12: Science, 2008 (revised)

Grade 11, University Preparation
c1. analyse and propose improvements to technologies that apply concepts related to dynamics and Newton’s laws, and assess the technologies’ social and environmental impact;
c2. investigate, in qualitative and quantitative terms, net force, acceleration, and mass, and solve related problems;
c3. demonstrateanunderstandingoftherelationshipbetweenchangesinvelocityandunbalanced forces in one dimension.
C1. Relating Science to Technology, Society, and the Environment
C2. Developing Skills of Investigation and Communication
THE ONTARIO CURRICULUM, GRADES 11 AND 12 | science
SPECIFIC EXPECTATIONS
By the end of this course, students will:
c1.1 analyse, with reference to Newton’s laws, a technology that applies these laws (e.g., extremely low friction bearings, near friction- less carbon, different types of athletic shoes, roller coasters), and propose ways to improve its performance [AI, C]
Sample questions: What factors are taken into consideration in the design of golf clubs? What element(s) could be changed to improve a club’s performance? How do anti-lock brakes work, and what limitations do they have? What impact does the condition of the road (wet, dry, smooth, grooved) have on the forces acting on the braking of a skidding car? What are the benefits and limitations of electronic stability controls (ESC) on automobiles?
c1.2 evaluate the impact on society and the environment of technologies that use the princi- ples of force (e.g., prosthetics, plastic car bodies) [AI, C]
Sample issue: Before the 1960s, when car bodies were strong and rigid, passengers tended to be severely injured during collisions. The intro- duction of technologies that absorb or dissipate force, such as crumple zones, seat belts, and air bags, has reduced serious automobile injuries and the social costs associated with them.
Sample questions: How do snow tires reduce the risk of traffic accidents in the winter? How does society benefit from this risk reduction? What are the advantages and disadvantages for the environment of various methods of using the natural forces from tidal currents to generate energy?
By the end of this course, students will:
c2.1 use appropriate terminology related to forces, including, but not limited to: mass, time, speed, velocity, acceleration, friction, gravity, normal force, and free-body diagrams [C]
c2.2 conduct an inquiry that applies Newton’s laws to analyse, in qualitative and quantitative terms, the forces acting on an object, and use free-body diagrams to determine the net force and the acceleration of the object [PR, AI, C]
c2.3 conduct an inquiry into the relationship between the acceleration of an object and its net force and mass (e.g., view a computer simulation of an object attaining terminal velocity; observe the motion of an object subject to friction; use electronic probes to observe the motion of an object being pulled across the floor), and analyse the resulting data [PR, AI]
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c. forceS OVERALL EXPECTATIONS
By the end of this course, students will: