Page 65 - Math 9-10 (2009)

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THE ONTARIO CURRICULUM, GRADES 9 AND 10: MATHEMATICS
sample. A small group chosen from a popula- tion and examined in order to make predic- tions about the population.
sampling technique. A process for collect- ing a sample of data.
scatter plot. A graph that attempts to show a relationship between two variables by means of points plotted on a coordinate grid. Also called scatter diagram.
scientific probe. A device that may be attached to a graphing calculator or to a com- puter in order to gather data involving mea- surement (e.g., position, temperature, force).
second-degree polynomial. A polynomial in which the variable in at least one term has an exponent 2, and no variable has an expo- nent greater than 2; for example,
4x2 +20orx2 +7x+10.
second differences. See finite differences.
similar triangles. Triangles in which corre- sponding sides are proportional.
simulation. A probability experiment to esti- mate the likelihood of an event. For example, tossing a coin is a simulation of whether the next person you meet will be male or female.
sine law. The relationships, for any triangle, involving the sines of two of the angles and the lengths of the opposite sides; used to determine unknown sides and angles in trian- gles. If a triangle has sides a, b, and c, and if the angles opposite each side are A, B, and C, respectively, then:
slope. A measure of the steepness of a line, calculated as the ratio of the rise (vertical change between two points) to the run (hori- zontal change between the same two points).
spreadsheet. Computer software that allows the entry of formulas for repeated calculation.
stretch factor. A coefficient in an equation of a relation that causes stretching of the cor- responding graph. For example, the graph of y = 3x2 appears to be narrower than the graph of y = x2 because its y-coordinates are three times as great for the same x-coordinate.
(In this example, the coefficient 3 causes the graph to stretch vertically, and is referred to as a vertical stretch factor.)
substitution. The process of replacing a vari- able by a value. See also method of substitution.
system of linear equations. Two or more linear equations involving two or more variables. The solution to a system of linear equations involving two variables is the point of intersection of two straight lines.
table of values. A table used to record the coordinates of points in a relation. For example:
tangent ratio. For either of the two acute angles in a right triangle, the ratio of the length of the opposite side to the length of the adjacent side.
transformation. A change in a figure that results in a different position, orientation, or size. The transformations include translation, reflection, rotation, compression, and stretch.
trapezoid. A quadrilateral with one pair of parallel sides.
x
y = 3x – 1
–1
–4
0
–1
1
2
2
5
a
=
b
sin A
sin B
=
c
sin C
B
A
ca
b
sine ratio. For either of the two acute angles in a right triangle, the ratio of the length of the opposite side to the length of the hypotenuse.
C