Page 276 - THE ONTARIO CURRICULUM, GRADES 9 to 12 | First Nations, Métis, and Inuit Studies

Grade 12, University/College Preparation
C1. First Nations, Métis, and Inuit Rights: demonstrate an understanding of First Nations, Métis, and Inuit rights in Canada and of various factors that affect them;
C2. Constitutional/Charter Rights: demonstrate an understanding of the impact that the Constitution Act, 1982 and the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms have had on First Nations, Métis, and Inuit rights in Canada;
C3. Law and Policy: analyse how various laws, policies, and agreements since the 1980s have affected First Nations, Métis, and Inuit individuals and communities in Canada;
C4. Changing Political Relations: analyse aspects of the relationship between Indigenous peoples and federal and provincial/territorial governments since the 1980s, including factors that have affected these relationships.
C. SUPPORT FOR AND CHALLENGES TO INDIGENOUS RIGHTS
OVERALL EXPECTATIONS
By the end of this course, students will:
THE ONTARIO CURRICULUM, GRADES 9–12 | First Nations, Métis, and Inuit Studies
SPECIFIC EXPECTATIONS
C1. First Nations, Métis, and Inuit Rights
By the end of this course, students will:
C1.1 describe inherent First Nations, Métis, and Inuit rights in Canada and how they are con- nected to traditional territories and cultures
Sample questions: “How and why is the fact that First Nations and Inuit have lived on specific lands since ‘time immemorial’ relevant to modern-day land claims?” “How and why is it relevant to modern-day land claims that Métis ancestors lived on specific lands ever since the early years of the fur trade?” “What is the legal significance of the term terra nullius
with respect to traditional territories of First Nations?” “How has Canada recognized and affirmed the inherent rights of Indigenous peoples?” “Where are inherent rights of Indigenous peoples defined in Canada’s legal system? How are inherent rights perceived in Canadian courts?” “What is the significance of the 1973 Calder decision with respect to traditional lands and inherent rights?” “In the 1996 case R. v. Van der Peet, how did the Supreme Court of Canada interpret the rela- tionship between traditional culture and inherent rights?”
C1.2 describe circumstances in which individual and/or group rights and freedoms of various Indigenous peoples in Canada have been threatened, limited, and/or violated since the 1980s (e.g., through categorization as“status Indians” and/or loss of status, loss of treaty rights, lack of recognition of hunting/fishing rights, practices that degrade the environment, failure to recognize tax exemptions for goods and services), and explain the impact of these threats, limitations, and/or violations
Sample questions: “Why do you think that government-issued Secure Certificate of Indian Status cards are sometimes scrutinized at the Canada–U.S. border? What is the legal signifi- cance of such scrutiny?” “What is the difference between a Métis Nation of Ontario citizenship card and a Certificate of Indian Status?” “In what ways are the First Nations rights that were included in the Jay Treaty of 1794 threatened or limited by present-day immigration and security issues?” “What impact have limitations on traditional use of lands had on the lives of First Nations, Métis, and/or Inuit individuals and/or communities?” “Why did Inuit of Nunavut have to extinguish their Indigenous rights to become beneficiaries of the Nunavut Land Claims Agreement?”
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