Page 174 - The Ontario Curriculum, Grades 9-12: English As a Second Language and English Literacy Development, 2007

Grade 11E,LDUnLieverls5it,yOPpreenparation
Language Reference Chart – ELD Level 5
Nouns
abstract (e.g., advice, information, beauty, knowledge, philosophy, democracy) + a, an, no article (e.g., He had a good knowledge of math. He had knowledge about many things.)
Pronouns
relative: who, which, that, whose reciprocal: each other
Verbs
past perfect (e.g., They had studied English before they arrived in Canada.) present perfect progressive (e.g., What have you been doing?)
conditional: type 2/unlikely (e.g., If I had a million dollars, I would buy a large house.)
consistent use of tenses (e.g., maintain the same verb tense in a sentence or paragraph)
Adjectives
the + adjective (e.g., the most common)
irregular comparative/superlative (e.g., far/farther/farthest; bad, worse, worst;
good, better, best; little, less, least)
adjective phrases (e.g., The man in the red hat lives close to me.)
Adverbs
of possibility (e.g., probably, definitely, possibly) of opinion (e.g., obviously, clearly)
Transition words and phrases
either ... or, neither ... nor, both ... and
as ... as (e.g., My plans are as important as hers.)
now that, though, although, even though, yet, since, because of, as a result of
Question forms
tag questions (e.g., They couldn’t understand him, could they? Ann is studying music, isn’t she?)
information requests + various tenses (e.g., When were they leaving on vacation? How have you been?)
Negation
with various tenses and/or modals (e.g., They couldn’t have finished already! We haven’t been going to the gym recently.)
with unless (e.g., Unless you have a permit, you can’t drive.)
Prepositions
with a variety of phrasal verbs (e.g., break down/up/out, call for/in/on, cut down/in/off/out/up, fall back/behind/in/out/through)
by + gerund (e.g., I did well on the math test by memorizing all the formulas.) during, following, regarding
Sentences
complex, with subordinate clause (e.g., Because we were stuck in traffic, the girl on the bike arrived ahead of us.)
This chart shows the structures students are expected to learn through work done in all four strands. These structures should be taught in context rather than in isolation (e.g., while practising writing advice letters for a class assignment, students learn to use the type 2/unlikely conditional verb tense). English language learners in the ELD program need reinforcement and repetition of language structures from previous course levels in order to achieve mastery.
I. Grammatical Structures
THEONTARIOCURRICULUM,GRADES9–12 | ESLandELD
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