Page 32 - The Ontario Curriculum, Grades 9 and 10: English, 2007 (Revised)

were spoken, or in which the variety of English spoken differed significantly from the English of Ontario classrooms. Other English language learners arrive in Ontario as new- comers from other countries; they may have experience of highly sophisticated educa- tional systems, or they may have come from regions where access to formal schooling was limited.
When they start school in Ontario, many of these students are entering a new linguistic and cultural environment. All teachers share in the responsibility for their English lan- guage development.
English language learners (students who are learning English as a second or additional language in English-language schools) bring a rich diversity of background knowledge and experience to the classroom. These students’ linguistic and cultural backgrounds not only support their learning in their new environment but also become a cultural asset in the classroom community. Teachers will find positive ways to incorporate this diversity into their instructional programs and into the classroom environment.
Most English language learners in Ontario schools have an age-appropriate proficiency in their first language. Although they need frequent opportunities to use English at school, there are important educational and social benefits associated with continued develop- ment of their first language while they are learning English. Teachers need to encourage parents to continue to use their own language at home in rich and varied ways as a foun- dation for language and literacy development in English. It is also important for teachers to find opportunities to bring students’ languages into the classroom, using parents and community members as a resource.
During their first few years in Ontario schools, English language learners may receive support through one of two distinct programs from teachers who specialize in meeting their language-learning needs:
English as a Second Language (ESL) programs are for students born in Canada or new- comers whose first language is a language other than English, or is a variety of English significantly different from that used for instruction in Ontario schools.
English Literacy Development (ELD) programs are primarily for newcomers whose first language is a language other than English, or is a variety of English significantly different from that used for instruction in Ontario schools, and who arrive with significant gaps in their education. These students generally come from countries where access to education is limited or where there are limited opportunities to develop language and literacy skills in any language. Some Aboriginal students from remote communities in Ontario may also have had limited opportunities for formal schooling, and they also may benefit from ELD instruction.
In planning programs for students with linguistic backgrounds other than English, teach- ers need to recognize the importance of the orientation process, understanding that every learner needs to adjust to the new social environment and language in a unique way and at an individual pace. For example, students who are in an early stage of English-language acquisition may go through a “silent period” during which they closely observe the inter- actions and physical surroundings of their new learning environment. They may use body language rather than speech or they may use their first language until they have
SOME CONSIDERATIONS FOR PROGRAM PLANNING
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