Page 213 - The Ontario Curriculum, Grades 11 and 12: English, 2007 (Revised)

THE ONTARIO CURRICULUM, GRADES 11 AND 12 | English
mnemonics. Techniques for improving or supporting the memory (e.g., memory tricks that are used to help remember the spelling of a difficult word – Ice is a noun and so is practice).
modelling. A demonstration by the teacher of how to perform a task or use a strategy. Students copy the teacher in order to learn the modelled processes and skills. Modelling may include thinking aloud, to help students become aware of the processes and skills involved.
multimedia presentation. A single work that uses more than one medium to present information and/or ideas: for example, an oral report that includes a slide show, dia- grams, and a video or audio clip.
non-discriminatory language. Language that conveys respect for all people and avoids stereotyping based on gender, race, religion, culture, social class, sexual orien- tation, ability, or age. See also inclusive language.
onomatopoeia. The use of a word having a sound that suggests its meaning (e.g., splash, murmur, buzz, twitter).
oral language structures. Verbal structures that are used in speaking. Examples include: conventional sentence structures (e.g., interrogative, exclamatory; simple, com- pound, complex); colloquial structures (e.g., one-word answers, verbless sentences); contractions; colloquial idioms.
oral text. See forms of oral texts. organizational patterns of text. Ways in
which texts are structured in different
forms or genres of writing. Examples include: time order or chronological order (events presented in time sequence); comparison and contrast (an outline of similarities and differences); cause and effect (an outline of events or actions linked to their consequences); generalization
(general statements supported by exam- ples); combined/multiple orders (two or more organizational patterns used togeth- er: for example, comparison/contrast and cause/effect).
overall expectations. See expectations.
oxymoron. A combination of words with contradictory meanings, used deliberately for effect (e.g., delicious torment, living death).
paraphrase. A restatement of an idea or text in one’s own words.
parenthetical referencing. A technique of citation in which an acknowledgement is placed in parentheses and inserted into a research essay wherever the writer has taken words, facts, or ideas from another source. Usually the author’s last name and a page reference are used to identify the source. Each source cited in parenthet- ical references must have a corresponding entry in the list of works cited.
personal essay (also referred to as a reflec- tive essay). An essay written in an informal style on a subject of personal interest to the writer. This type of writing usually presents the writer’s own ideas or reflects aspects of the writer’s personality.
phonemic awareness. The ability to hear, identify, and manipulate phonemes (the smallest units of spoken language) in spo- ken words.
phonics. Instruction that teaches children the relationships between the letters (graphemes) of written language and the individual sounds (phonemes) of spoken language.
phonological awareness. The ability to focus on and manipulate units of lan- guage, including phonemes and larger spoken units such as syllables and words.
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