Page 195 - THE ONTARIO CURRICULUM, GRADES 9 AND 10 | Canadian and World Studies

social welfare programs. Government programs designed to help meet the personal, economic, emotional, and/or physical needs of citizens.
sovereignty. Independent control or authority over a particular area or territory.
spatial technologies. Technologies that support the use of geographic data. The data can be represented in various forms, such as maps, graphs, or photographs of a site. Examples
of spatial technologies include geographic information systems (GIS), global positioning system (GPS), and remote sensing. See also geographic information system; global positioning system; remote sensing.
stakeholder. A person, group, or organization that has an interest in or concern about something.
status Indian. See Indian.
stewardship. The concept that people’s decisions, choices, and actions can have a positive impact, supporting a healthy environment that is essential for all life. A healthy environment supports sustainable relationships among all of the Earth’s living and non-living things.
suffragist. A person who campaigns for the extension of the right to vote (suffrage); a member of the suffrage movement, particularly the women’s suffrage movement.
sustainability. Living within the limits of available resources. These resources may include Earth’s natural resources and/or the economic and human resources of a society. Sustainability also implies equitable distribution of resources and benefits, which requires an understanding of the interrelationships between natural environments, societies, and economies.
sustained yield. Harvesting of a resource in which the amount extracted is managed so that the resource has time to regenerate itself.
system. Something made up of interconnected elements and processes that contribute to the whole (e.g., political systems, economic systems, natural systems).
tailings. Waste material left after a resource has been extracted during the mining process (e.g., the extraction of minerals from rocks, oil from the oil sands). Tailings are often toxic because of the processes used to separate the valuable materials from the waste.
tectonic forces. Forces caused by movements within or beneath Earth’s crust that can produce earthquakes and volcanoes. These forces result in the building up and tearing down of Earth’s physical features (e.g., mountains, valleys, trenches). See also plate tectonics.
temperance movement. The movement to control or ban alcoholic beverages. In Canada, the temperance movement was particularly active at the end of the nineteenth and beginning of the twentieth century.
tertiary industries. See service-based industries.
thematic map. A map depicting specific charac- teristics for a given area (e.g., a political map of the world, a natural resource map of Ontario, a map showing the destination of immigrants in early twentieth-century Canada). See also map.
topographic map. A map whose primary purpose is to show the relief of the land through the use of contour lines. It also uses symbols and colour to show a variety of built features. See also map.
traditional economy. An economic system
in which decisions are made on the basis of customs, beliefs, religion, and habit. Traditional economies are often based on hunting, fishing, and/or subsistence agriculture. See also economic system.
transnational corporation. See multinational corporation.
treaty. A formal agreement between two or more parties. In Canada, treaties are often formal historical agreements between the Crown and Aboriginal peoples; these treaties are often interpreted differently by federal, provincial, and Indigenous governments.
GLOSSARY
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