Page 484 - THE ONTARIO CURRICULUM, GRADES 11 AND 12 | Canadian and World Studies

Grade 12, University Preparation
B1. Principles of Law: identify foundational concepts and principles relating to law and explain their significance (FOCUS ON: Legal Significance)
B2. LegalTheoryandProcedures:analysehowandtowhatextentvariouslegaltheoriesandprocedures have influenced the Canadian and international legal systems (FOCUS ON: Interrelationships; Legal Perspective)
B3. Development of Law: explain various influences, including those of individuals and groups, on the development of Canadian and international law (FOCUS ON: Continuity and Change)
THE ONTARIO CURRICULUM, GRADES 11 AND 12 | Canadian and World Studies
SPECIFIC EXPECTATIONS
B1. Principles of Law
FOCUS ON: Legal Significance
By the end of this course, students will:
B1.1 explain the significance of various legal and political concepts and terms used in discussions of national and international affairs (e.g., democracy, justice, equity, equality, rule of law, judicial independence, jurisprudence, parliamentary supremacy, sovereignty, country, state, republic, federation, jurisdiction)
B1.2 explain how various non-legal influences have affected and/or continue to affect laws, legal thinking, and judgements (e.g., with reference to religion, philosophy, history, customs and conventions, changing values, scholarly debate)
Sample questions: “What are some ways in which values/practices related to religion influ- enced past laws or legal judgements in Canada? What are some ways in which legal thinking has changed as the country has become more multicultural and/or adopted more secular values?”
B1.3 explain the distinctions between domestic and international law, substantive and procedural law, public and civil law, and various areas of law (e.g., tort, family, constitutional, contract, trade law)
B1.4 explain how different types of law affect people’s everyday lives (e.g., public law: criminal, administrative, constitutional; civil law: tort, family, employment, contract, estate, property)
B2. Legal Theory and Procedures
FOCUS ON: Interrelationships; Legal Perspective
By the end of this course, students will:
B2.1 evaluate from a legal perspective the relative influence of various theories and perspectives (e.g., theory of natural law, theory of positive law, legal realism, feminist theory, critical race theory; First Nations, Métis, and Inuit perspectives; religious perspectives) on the interpretation and adminis- tration of laws and legal processes
B2.2 explain from a legal perspective how various physiological, psychological, and sociological theories of criminal behaviour (e.g., theories of Lombroso, Beccaria, Durkheim, Merton, Edwin Sutherland, Freud) have influenced criminal law (e.g., impact of various theories on sentencing practices)
B2.3 explain various historical and contemporary methods and systems for adjudicating legal questions (e.g., trial by ordeal, trial by combat, trial by jury; adversarial versus inquisitorial systems; Aboriginal sentencing circles and other indigenous legal practices; religious mediation; International Court of Justice; military tribunals)
B2.4 assess the relative effectiveness of various legal or political means used by individuals and groups to advocate for legal reform (e.g., lobbying by pressure and stakeholder groups; voting; citizens’ petitions; court challenges; court
B. LEGAL FOUNDATIONS OVERALL EXPECTATIONS
By the end of this course, students will:
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