Page 242 - The Ontario Curriculum, Grades 11 and 12: The Arts, 2010

THE ONTARIO CURRICULUM, GRADES 11 AND 12 | The Arts
repetition. A principle of design. The repeated use of similar elements and visual effects in
a composition. Repetition may produce the dominance of one visual idea, a feeling of harmonious relationship or unity, a pattern, or a rhythmic movement of the viewer’s eye (e.g., a repeated pattern of similar colours, brushstrokes, and textures can lead the eye through the art work).
rhythm. A principle of design. The use of recur- ring elements to direct the movement of the viewer’s eye through the art work and give a sense of unity to the composition. There are five kinds of rhythm: random, regular, alternating, progressive, and flowing.
sculpture. (1) A work of art in three dimensions (i.e., with height, width, and depth), usually intended to be viewed from all sides. (2) The technique of creating three-dimensional forms or figures by carving, cutting, hewing, casting, moulding, welding, or assembling materials. Materials may include clay, found objects, modelling clay, papier mâché, plaster bandages, wire, and wood. Types of sculpture include the following:
– found-object sculpture. A type of sculpture made of materials and objects found in the environment. The materials and objects are reorganized and reassembled into a new form with or without surface decoration.
– free-standing sculpture. A self-supporting three-dimensional form surrounded by space and designed to be viewed from all sides. Also called sculpture in the round.
scumbling (drawing). A drawing technique that uses layers of small, calligraphic, scribbled marks to build up value and texture.
secondary colours. Colours that are created by
mixing two primary colours (e.g., orange is made by mixing red and yellow; green is made by mixing blue and yellow; violet is made by mixing blue and red).
shape. An element of design. The external form or outline of an image produced by the use of line, value, colour, and/or texture. Shape may be geometric or organic, positive or negative. Shapes have two dimensions, length and width.
space. An element of design. The area around, within, or between images or elements. The appearance of space can be created on a two- dimensional surface by means of techniques such as the overlapping of objects, the varying of object size or placement, the varying of colour intensity and value, and the use of detail and diagonal lines.
style. The way of creating art that is characteristic of a particular person, culture, historical period, or group. In an art work, the type and use of materials, methods of work, subject matter, and so on, may reflect a particular style. The follow- ing are some major artistic styles: abstract art, cubism, expressionism, impressionism, mod- ernism, naturalism or realism, non-objective art, op art (optical art), postmodernism, surrealism.
symmetry. Equality in size, shape, and/or position between parts or elements or objects.
technique. A method or procedure of using a tool or material to produce a work of art or achieve an expressive effect (e.g., using the side of a pencil to shade light and dark tones; using the point of a pencil to create a fine line).
texture. An element of design. The feel, appear- ance, thickness, or stickiness of a surface or substance. Subcategories of texture include the following:
– illusory texture. A visual effect in which the eye is tricked into seeing three-dimensional materials (e.g., wood, fur, glass, metal, fabric) on a two-dimensional surface. Also called simulated texture or the illusion of texture.
– real texture. The three-dimensionality of surfaces and materials that is perceptible by touch as well as sight (e.g., smooth, rough, silky, furry).
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